ISBN: 978-80-244-6720-7 | DOI: 10.5507/lf.26.24467207

Osteotomie v oblasti kolena

valgizační a varizační

Jiří Lošťák


Osteotomy around the knee joint is a surgical technique aimed at correcting metaphyseal bone deformities of the distal femur or proximal tibia in order to restore the physiological alignment of the mechanical axis of the lower limb. Realignment improves load distribution, enhances knee biomechanics, and slows the progression of osteoarthritis, making this procedure particularly suitable for younger and active patients. After a period of decline following the introduction of total knee arthroplasty, knee osteotomy has experienced renewed interest in recent decades due to advances in surgical techniques, modern fixation methods, and an improved understanding of knee biomechanics. Successful outcomes depend on careful patient selection, detailed preoperative planning, and the choice of the appropriate type and site of osteotomy. When performed correctly, knee osteotomy preserves the native joint, improves quality of life, and can significantly delay or even eliminate the need for total knee arthroplasty.

1. edition, Published: 2026, publisher: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci, Křížkovského 8, 771 47 Olomouc



References

  1. Agneskirchner, J. D., & Staubli, A. E. (2008). Radiological examination of bone healing after open-wedge tibial osteotomy: quantification of gap consolidation over time in 53 patients. In: Lobenhoffer, P. P., van Heerwaarden, R. J., Staubli, A. E., Jakob, R. P., Galla, M., & Agneskirchner, J. D. (2013). Osteotomies around the Knee: Indications-Planning-Surgical techniques using plate fixators. Georg Thieme Verlag, 129-145. https://doi.org/10.1055/b-002-10327 Go to original source...
  2. Agneskirchner, J. D., Hurschler, C., Wrann, C. D., & Lobenhoffer, P. (2007). The effects of valgus medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy on articular cartilage pressure of the knee: a biomechanical study. Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery: official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 23(8), 852-861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2007.05.018 Go to original source...
  3. Akasaki, Y., Matsuda, S., Miura, H., Okazaki, K., Moro-oka, T. A., Mizu-uchi, H., & Iwamoto, Y. (2009). Total knee arthroplasty following failed high tibial osteotomy: mid-term comparison of posterior cruciate-retaining versus posterior stabilized prosthesis. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 17(7), 795-799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-009-0790-4 Go to original source...
  4. Akizuki, S., Shibakawa, A., Takizawa, T., Yamazaki, I., & Horiuchi, H. (2008). The long-term outcome of high tibial osteotomy: a ten- to 20-year follow-up. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 90(5), 592-596. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.90B5.20386 Go to original source...
  5. Al-Musabi, M., Tahir, M., Seraj, S., Wasim, A., Khadabadi, N., Thakrar, R., & Hossain, F. (2023). The effect of smoking on union rates following corrective osteotomies around the knee: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Knee, 44, 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2023.06.009 Go to original source...
  6. Bastos Filho, R., Magnussen, R. A., Duthon, V., Demey, G., Servien, E., Granjeiro, J. M., & Neyret, P. (2013). Total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy: a comparison of opening and closing wedge osteotomy. International orthopaedics, 37(3), 427-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-012-1765-5 Go to original source...
  7. Berk, A. N., Gachigi, K. K., Trofa, D. P., Piasecki, D. P., Fleischli, J. E., & Saltzman, B. M. (2023). Early Postoperative Complications and Associated Variables After High Tibial Osteotomy and Distal Femoral Osteotomy: A 15-Year Experience From a Single Academic Institution. The American journal of sports medicine, 51(10), 2574-2582. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465231183092 Go to original source...
  8. Berruto, M., Maione, A., Tradati, D., Ferrua, P., Uboldi, F. M., & Usellini, E. (2020). Closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy, a reliable procedure for osteoarthritic varus knee. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 28(12), 3955-3961. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-05890-0 Go to original source...
  9. Bhattacharyya, R., Alloush, A., Wilson, C., Doonan, J., Rooney, B., Walker, C., Maclean, A., & Blyth, M. (2023). Survivorship of high tibial osteotomy in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a retrospective cohort study with fourteen years' follow-up. International orthopaedics, 47(7), 1765-1770. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-023-05802-0 Go to original source...
  10. Bisicchia, S., Rosso, F., Pizzimenti, M. A., Rungprai, C., Goetz, J. E., & Amendola, A. (2015). Injury risk to extraosseous knee vasculature during osteotomies: a cadaveric study with CT and dissection analysis. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 473(3), 1030-1039. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-014-4007-x Go to original source...
  11. Bonasia, D. E., Dettoni, F., Sito, G., Blonna, D., Marmotti, A., Bruzzone, M., Castoldi, F., & Rossi, R. (2014). Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment overload/arthritis in the varus knee: prognostic factors. The American journal of sports medicine, 42(3), 690-698. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546513516577 Go to original source...
  12. Bonin, N., Ait Si Selmi, T., Donell, S. T., Dejour, H., & Neyret, P. (2004). Anterior cruciate reconstruction combined with valgus upper tibial osteotomy: 12 years follow-up. The Knee, 11(6), 431-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2004.02.001 Go to original source...
  13. Brett, A. L. (1935). Operative Correction of Genu Recurvatum. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 17, 984-989.
  14. Brinkman, J. M., Lobenhoffer, P., Agneskirchner, J. D., Staubli, A. E., Wymenga, A. B., & van Heerwaarden, R. J. (2008). Osteotomies around the knee: patient selection, stability of fixation and bone healing in high tibial osteotomies. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 90(12), 1548-1557. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.90B12.21198 Go to original source...
  15. Cao, Z., Mai, X., Wang, J., Feng, E., & Huang, Y. (2018). Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty vs High Tibial Osteotomy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of arthroplasty, 33(3), 952-959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2017.10.025 Go to original source...
  16. Constantin, H., Salmon, L. J., Russell, V., Sundaraj, K., Roe, J. P., & Pinczewski, L. A. (2024). 20-Year Outcomes of High Tibial Osteotomy: Determinants of Survival and Functional Outcome. The American journal of sports medicine, 52(2), 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465231217742 Go to original source...
  17. Coventry, M. B. (1965). Osteotomy of the Upper Portion of the Tibia for Degenerative Arthritis of the Knee. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 47(5), 984-990. Go to original source...
  18. Coventry, M. B. (1985). Upper Tibial Osteotomy for Osteoarthritis. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 67(7): p. 1136-40. Go to original source...
  19. Coventry, M. B. (1989). Osteotomy of the Upper Portion of the Tibia for Degenerative Arthritis of the Knee. A Preliminary Report. 1965. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 1989(248), 4-8. Go to original source...
  20. D'Lima, D. D., Fregly, B. J., Patil, S., Steklov, N., & Colwell, C. W., Jr (2012). Knee joint forces: prediction, measurement, and significance. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine, 226(2), 95-102. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954411911433372 Go to original source...
  21. Dabis, J., Templeton-Ward, O., Lacey, A. E., Narayan, B., & Trompeter, A. (2017). The history, evolution and basic science of osteotomy techniques. Strategies in trauma and limb reconstruction, 12(3), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11751-017-0296-4 Go to original source...
  22. Date, N., Mori, M., Isoyaki, T., Kaji, K., & Ishikawa, M. (2025). Anatomical course of the popliteal artery in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: MRI evaluation for risk of vessel injury. In: ISAKOS Congress ePoster. Boston, USA ER: ISAKOS.
  23. Dawson, M., Elson, D., Claes, S., Predescu, V., Khakha, R., Espejo-Reina, A., Schröter, S., van Heerwarden, R., Menetrey, J., Beaufils, P., Seil, R., Becker, R., Mabrouk, A., & Ollivier, M. (2024). Osteotomy around the painful degenerative varus knee has broader indications than conventionally described but must follow a strict planning process: ESSKA Formal Consensus Part I. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 32(7), 1891-1901. https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.12256 Go to original source...
  24. Dejour, D., Saffarini, M., Demey, G., & Baverel, L. (2015). Tibial slope correction combined with second revision ACL produces good knee stability and prevents graft rupture. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 23(10), 2846-2852. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3758-6 Go to original source...
  25. DePuy Synthes (n.d.). Trauma Recon Systém (TRS): System brochure [online]. https://p1.aprimocdn.net/jjamp/en/depuy-synthes/sales-brochures/m-em-dps-pwtl-303966.pdf
  26. Dettoni, F., Bonasia, D. E., Castoldi, F., Bruzzone, M., Blonna, D., & Rossi, R. (2010). High tibial osteotomy versus unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for medial compartment arthrosis of the knee: a review of the literature. The Iowa orthopaedic journal, 30, 131-140.
  27. Di Matteo, B., Tarabella, V., Filardo, G., Viganò, A., Tomba, P., & Marcacci, M. (2013). John Rhea Barton: the birth of osteotomy. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 21(9), 1957-1962. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-013-2387-1 Go to original source...
  28. Efe, T., Ahmed, G., Heyse, T. J., Boudriot, U., Timmesfeld, N., Fuchs-Winkelmann, S., Ishaque, B., Lakemeier, S., & Schofer, M. D. (2011). Closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy: survival and risk factor analysis at long-term follow up. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 12, 46. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-12-46 Go to original source...
  29. Erak, S., Naudie, D., MacDonald, S. J., McCalden, R. W., Rorabeck, C. H., & Bourne, R. B. (2011). Total knee arthroplasty following medial opening wedge tibial osteotomy: technical issues early clinical radiological results. The Knee, 18(6), 499-504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2010.11.002 Go to original source...
  30. Ferner, F., Lutter, C., Schubert, I., Schenke, M., Strecker, W., & Dickschas, J. (2022). Perioperative complications in osteotomies around the knee: a study in 858 cases. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 142(5), 769-775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03696-w Go to original source...
  31. Feucht, M. J., Winkler, P. W., Mehl, J., Bode, G., Forkel, P., Imhoff, A. B., & Lutz, P. M. (2021). Isolated high tibial osteotomy is appropriate in less than two-thirds of varus knees if excessive overcorrection of the medial proximal tibial angle should be avoided. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 29(10), 3299-3309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-06166-3 Go to original source...
  32. Flecher, X., Parratte, S., Aubaniac, J. M., & Argenson, J. N. (2006). A 12-28-year followup study of closing wedge high tibial osteotomy. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 452, 91-96. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.blo.0000229362.12244.f6 Go to original source...
  33. Fujisawa, Y., Masuhara, K., & Shiomi, S. (1979). The effect of high tibial osteotomy on osteoarthritis of the knee. An arthroscopic study of 54 knee joints. The Orthopedic clinics of North America, 10(3), 585-608. Go to original source...
  34. Fürmetz, J., Patzler, S., Wolf, F., Degen, N., Prall, W. C., Soo, C., Böcker, W., & Thaller, P. H. (2020). Tibial and femoral osteotomies in varus deformities - radiological and clinical outcome. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 21(1), 201. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03232-2 Go to original source...
  35. Ghasemi, S. A., Kolesnick, E., Murray, B. C., Leiby, B. E., Bartolozzi, A. R., & Zaslav, K. R. (2024). High tibial osteotomy combined with cartilage restoration: A systematic review of clinical outcomes and prognostic factors. Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma, 50, 102360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2024.102360 Go to original source...
  36. Giffin, J. R., Vogrin, T. M., Zantop, T., Woo, S. L., & Harner, C. D. (2004). Effects of increasing tibial slope on the biomechanics of the knee. The American journal of sports medicine, 32(2), 376-382. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546503258880 Go to original source...
  37. Gilat, R., Patel, S., Knapik, D. M., Evuarherhe, A., Haunschild, E., Parvaresh, K., Chahla, J., Yanke, A., & Cole, B. (2021). Patient factors predictive of failure following high tibial osteotomy. Journal of Cartilage & Joint Preservation, 1(2), 100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjp.2021.100012 Go to original source...
  38. Giuseffi, S. A., Replogle, W. H., & Shelton, W. R. (2015). Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: Review of 100 Consecutive Cases. Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery: official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 31(11), 2128-2137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2015.04.097 Go to original source...
  39. Grünwald, L., Angele, P., Schröter, S., Dickschas, J., Harrer, J., Hinterwimmer, S., Feucht, M. J., Preiss, A., Minzlaff, P., & Saier, T. (2019). Patients' expectations of osteotomies around the knee are high regarding activities of daily living. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 27(9), 3022-3031. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-018-5326-3 Go to original source...
  40. Grünwald, L., Schröter, S., Dickschas, J., Harrer, J., Minzlaff, P., Hinterwimmer, S., Saier, T., Pattappa, G., & Angele, P. (2023). Patient response to osteotomy around the knee joint at one year post-operation-fulfilment of expectations and current health status. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 143(7), 3965-3973. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-022-04660-6 Go to original source...
  41. Han, J. H., Kim, H. J., Song, J. G., Yang, J. H., Bhandare, N. N., Fernandez, A. R., Park, H. J., & Nha, K. W. (2015). Is Bone Grafting Necessary in Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy? A Meta-Analysis of Radiological Outcomes. Knee surgery & related research, 27(4), 207-220. https://doi.org/10.5792/ksrr.2015.27.4.207 Go to original source...
  42. Han, J. H., Kim, H. J., Song, J. G., Yang, J. H., Nakamura, R., Shah, D., Park, Y. J., & Nha, K. W. (2017). Locking plate versus non-locking plate in open-wedge high tibial osteotomy: a meta-analysis. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 25(3), 808-816. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3850-y Go to original source...
  43. Han, J. H., Yang, J. H., Bhandare, N. N., Suh, D. W., Lee, J. S., Chang, Y. S., Yeom, J. W., & Nha, K. W. (2016). Total knee arthroplasty after failed high tibial osteotomy: a systematic review of open versus closed wedge osteotomy. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 24(8), 2567-2577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3807-1 Go to original source...
  44. Harris, C., Nadeem, F., Hargreaves, M., Campbell, C., Momaya, A., & Casp, A. (2024). Obesity does not impact complications and conversion to total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy: A systematic review. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 32(3), 666-677. https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.12084 Go to original source...
  45. Harris, J. D., McNeilan, R., Siston, R. A., & Flanigan, D. C. (2013). Survival and clinical outcome of isolated high tibial osteotomy and combined biological knee reconstruction. The Knee, 20(3), 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2012.12.012 Go to original source...
  46. Hawk A. J. (2016). ArtiFacts: Bernhard Heine's Osteotome. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 474(5), 1108-1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-015-4658-2 Go to original source...
  47. Herman, B. V., & Giffin, J. R. (2016). High tibial osteotomy in the ACL-deficient knee with medial compartment osteoarthritis. Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology: official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 17(3), 277-285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10195-016-0413-z Go to original source...
  48. Hernigou P. (2002). Open wedge tibial osteotomy: combined coronal and sagittal correction. The Knee, 9(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0160(01)00111-9 Go to original source...
  49. Hernigou, P., Duffiet, P., Julian, D., Guissou, I., Poignard, A., & Flouzat-Lachaniette, C. H. (2013a). Outcome of total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy: does malalignment jeopardize the results when using a posterior-stabilized arthroplasty? HSS journal: the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery, 9(2), 134-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11420-013-9344-x Go to original source...
  50. Hernigou, P., Flouzat Lachaniette, C., Delambre, J., Guissou, I., Dahmani, O., Ibrahim Ouali, M., & Poignard, A. (2015). Full weight bearing and dynamisation with Limmed® locked plate fixation accelerates bone regeneration in the volume of opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. International orthopaedics, 39(7), 1295-1300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-014-2633-2 Go to original source...
  51. Hernigou, P., Queinnec, S., Picard, L., Guissou, I., Naanaa, T., Duffiet, P., Julian, D., & Archer, V. (2013b). Safety of a novel high tibial osteotomy locked plate fixation for immediate full weight-bearing: a case-control study. International orthopaedics, 37(12), 2377-2384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-2066-3 Go to original source...
  52. Hiranaka, T., Davey, C., Grasso, S., Dal Fabbro, G., Ahedi, H., Fritsch, B., & Parker, D. (2025). A validated method accounting for joint line convergence angle reduces planning errors in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 33(9), 3341-3349. https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.12713 Go to original source...
  53. Horáček, D., Čech, O., & Weissinger, M. (2006). Valgizační vysoká osteotomie tibie u genu varum arthroticum rozevřením klínu z vnitřní strany stabilizovaná úhlově stabilní dlahou TomoFix: operační technika [Medial opening-wedge high tibial valgus osteotomy, using a stable TomoFix plate, in genu varum arthritis: surgical technique]. Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae Traumatologiae Čechoslovaca, 73(3), 197-204. https://doi.org/10.55095/achot2006/028 Go to original source...
  54. Howells, N. R., Salmon, L., Waller, A., Scanelli, J., & Pinczewski, L. A. (2014). The outcome at ten years of lateral closing-wedge high tibial osteotomy: determinants of survival and functional outcome. The bone & joint journal, 96-B(11), 1491-1497. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.96B11.33617 Go to original source...
  55. Hsu, C. E., Chen, C. P., Wang, S. P., Huang, J. T., Tong, K. M., & Huang, K. C. (2022). Validation and modification of the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee classification in the Asian population. Bone & joint open, 3(3), 211-217. https://doi.org/10.1302/2633-1462.33.BJO-2022-0001.R1 Go to original source...
  56. Hui, C., Salmon, L. J., Kok, A., Williams, H. A., Hockers, N., van der Tempel, W. M., Chana, R., & Pinczewski, L. A. (2011). Long-term survival of high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. The American journal of sports medicine, 39(1), 64-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510377445 Go to original source...
  57. Chen, J. Y., Lo, N. N., Chong, H. C., Pang, H. N., Tay, D. K., Chin, P. L., Chia, S. L., & Yeo, S. J. (2015). Cruciate retaining versus posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty after previous high tibial osteotomy. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 23(12), 3607-3613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-014-3259-z Go to original source...
  58. Chen, X., Yang, Z., Li, H., Zhu, S., Wang, Y., & Qian, W. (2020). Higher risk of revision in total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 21(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-3177-9 Go to original source...
  59. Choi, C. H., Lee, W. S., Jung, M., Moon, H. S., Lee, Y. H., Oh, J., Kim, S. J., & Kim, S. H. (2020). Adequate protection rather than knee flexion prevents popliteal vascular injury during high tibial osteotomy: analysis of three-dimensional knee models in relation to knee flexion and osteotomy techniques. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 28(5), 1425-1435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-019-05515-1 Go to original source...
  60. Imhoff, A. B., Linke, R. D., & Agneskirchner, J. (2004). Korrekturosteotomie bei Primary-Varus-, Double-Varus- und Triple-Varus-Knieinstabilität mit Kreuzbandersatz [Corrective osteotomy in primary varus, double varus and triple varus knee instability with cruciate ligament replacement]. Der Orthopade, 33(2), 201-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-003-0619-7 Go to original source...
  61. Ishizuka, S., Hiraiwa, H., Yamashita, S., Oba, H., Kawamura, Y., Sakaguchi, T., Idota, M., Hasegawa, Y., & Imagama, S. (2021). Long-Term Survivorship of Closed-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy for Severe Knee Osteoarthritis: Outcomes After 10 to 37 Years. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 9(10), 23259671211046964. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671211046964 Go to original source...
  62. Jia, G., Sun, C., Xie, J., Li, J., Liu, S., Dong, W., & Yu, X. (2023). Incidence and risk factors for surgical site infection after medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy using a locking T-shape plate. International wound journal, 20(7), 2563-2570. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.14124 Go to original source...
  63. Jung, K. A., Lee, S. C., Ahn, N. K., Hwang, S. H., & Nam, C. H. (2010). Radiographic healing with hemispherical allogeneic femoral head bone grafting for opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy. Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery: official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 26(12), 1617-1624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2010.05.025 Go to original source...
  64. Karasavvidis, T., Fackler, N. P., Callan, K. T., Lung, B. E., & Wang, D. (2024). Comparison of Early Complication Rates After High Tibial Osteotomy Versus Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty for Knee Osteoarthritis. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 12(1), 23259671231219975. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671231219975 Go to original source...
  65. Kawata, M., Jo, T., Taketomi, S., Inui, H., Yamagami, R., Matsui, H., Fushimi, K., Yasunaga, H., & Tanaka, S. (2021). Type of bone graft and primary diagnosis were associated with nosocomial surgical site infection after high tibial osteotomy: analysis of a national database. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 29(2), 429-436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-05943-4 Go to original source...
  66. Keenan, O. J. F., Clement, N. D., Nutton, R., & Keating, J. F. (2019). Older age and female gender are independent predictors of early conversion to total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy. The Knee, 26(1), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2018.11.008 Go to original source...
  67. Kim, J., Allaire, R., & Harner, C. D. (2010). Vascular safety during high tibial osteotomy: a cadaveric angiographic study. The American journal of sports medicine, 38(4), 810-815. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546510363664 Go to original source...
  68. Kim, Y. C., Yang, J. H., Kim, H. J., Tawonsawatruk, T., Chang, Y. S., Lee, J. S., Bhandare, N. N., Kim, K. S., Delgado, G. D. G., & Nha, K. W. (2018). Distal Femoral Varus Osteotomy for Valgus Arthritis of the Knees: Systematic Review of Open versus Closed Wedge Osteotomy. Knee surgery & related research, 30(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.5792/ksrr.16.064 Go to original source...
  69. Kohn, L., Sauerschnig, M., Iskansar, S., Lorenz, S., Meidinger, G., Imhoff, A. B., & Hinterwimmer, S. (2013). Age does not influence the clinical outcome after high tibial osteotomy. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 21(1), 146-151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-012-2016-4 Go to original source...
  70. Kolb, W., Guhlmann, H., Windisch, C., & Kolb, K. (2012). High Tibial Open-Wedge Osteotomy - New Techniques and Early Results. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/29838 Go to original source...
  71. Kuremsky, M. A., Schaller, T. M., Hall, C. C., Roehr, B. A., & Masonis, J. L. (2010). Comparison of autograft vs allograft in opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy. The Journal of arthroplasty, 25(6), 951-957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2009.07.026 Go to original source...
  72. Kuroyanagi, Y., Nagura, T., Kiriyama, Y., Matsumoto, H., Otani, T., Toyama, Y., & Suda, Y. (2012). A quantitative assessment of varus thrust in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. The Knee, 19(2), 130-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2010.12.007 Go to original source...
  73. Kuwashima, U., Tashiro, Y., Okazaki, K., Mizu-Uchi, H., Hamai, S., Murakami, K., & Iwamoto, Y. (2017). Comparison of the impact of closing wedge versus opening wedge high tibial osteotomy on proximal tibial deformity and subsequent revision to total knee arthroplasty. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 25(3), 869-875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-016-4074-5 Go to original source...
  74. Laios, K., Xanthoulis, P., Mavrommatis, E., Manes, K., Karambas, V., & Androutsos, G. (2020). Professor William Macewen (1848-1924): The Scottish Pioneer of Surgery. Surgical innovation, 27(4), 406-409. https://doi.org/10.1177/1553350620923503 Go to original source...
  75. Lansdaal, J. R., Mouton, T., Wascher, D. C., Demey, G., Lustig, S., Neyret, P., & Servien, E. (2017). Early weight bearing versus delayed weight bearing in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: a randomized controlled trial. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 25(12), 3670-3678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-016-4225-8 Go to original source...
  76. Lash, N. J., Feller, J. A., Batty, L. M., Wasiak, J., & Richmond, A. K. (2015). Bone grafts and bone substitutes for opening-wedge osteotomies of the knee: a systematic review. Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery: official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 31(4), 720-730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2014.09.011 Go to original source...
  77. Lee, S. S., Kim, J. H., Kim, S., Jung, E. Y., Ryu, D. J., Lee, D. K., & Wang, J. H. (2022). Avoiding Overcorrection to Increase Patient Satisfaction After Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy. The American journal of sports medicine, 50(9), 2453-2461. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465221102144 Go to original source...
  78. Lexer, E. (1931). Revascularization osteotomy. 2nd ed. Barth JA.
  79. Liu, X., Chen, Z., Gao, Y., Zhang, J., & Jin, Z. (2019). High Tibial Osteotomy: Review of Techniques and Biomechanics. Journal of healthcare engineering, 2019, 8363128. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8363128 Go to original source...
  80. Lo, G. H., Harvey, W. F., & McAlindon, T. E. (2012). Associations of varus thrust and alignment with pain in knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis and rheumatism, 64(7), 2252-2259. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.34422 Go to original source...
  81. Lobenhoffer P. (2014). Stellenwert der knienahen Osteotomie bei medialer Gonarthrose. Indikation, Technik und Ergebnisse [Importance of osteotomy around to the knee for medial gonarthritis. Indications, technique and results]. Der Orthopade, 43(5), 425-431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-013-2189-7 Go to original source...
  82. Lobenhoffer, P. P., van Heerwaarden, R. J., Staubli, A. E., Jakob, R. P., Galla, M., & Agneskirchner, J. D. (2008). Osteotomies around the Knee: Indications-Planning-Surgical techniques using plate fixators. Georg Thieme Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1055/b-002-10327 Go to original source...
  83. Loia, M. C., Vanni, S., Rosso, F., Bonasia, D. E., Bruzzone, M., Dettoni, F., & Rossi, R. (2016). High tibial osteotomy in varus knees: indications and limits. Joints, 4(2), 98-110. https://doi.org/10.11138/jts/2016.4.2.098 Go to original source...
  84. Loke, R. W. K., Chan, Y. K., Lim, Y. H., Tan, B. W. L., & Hui, J. H. P. (2025). Conversion to Total Knee Arthroplasty After High Tibial Osteotomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 13(2), 23259671241310963. https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671241310963 Go to original source...
  85. MacDessi, S. J., Griffiths-Jones, W., Harris, I. A., Bellemans, J., & Chen, D. B. (2021). Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification. The bone & joint journal, 103-B(2), 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.103B2.BJJ-2020-1050.R1 Go to original source...
  86. Maquet, P. G. J. (1963). [Biomechanical Treatment of Femoro-Patellar Arthrosis: Advancement of the Patellar Tendon]. Revue du rhumatisme et des maladies osteo-articulaires, 30, 779-783.
  87. Maquet, P. G. J. (1976). Biomechanics of the Knee: With Application to the Pathogenesis and the Surgical Treatment of Osteoarthritis. Springer-Verlag.
  88. Martin, R., Birmingham, T. B., Willits, K., Litchfield, R., Lebel, M. E., & Giffin, J. R. (2014). Adverse event rates and classifications in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy. The American journal of sports medicine, 42(5), 1118-1126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514525929 Go to original source...
  89. Matsushita, T., Watanabe, S., Araki, D., Nagai, K., Hoshino, Y., Kanzaki, N., Matsumoto, T., Niikura, T., & Kuroda, R. (2021). Differences in preoperative planning for high-tibial osteotomy between the standing and supine positions. Knee surgery & related research, 33(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43019-021-00090-7 Go to original source...
  90. Micicoi, G., Ollivier, M., Bouguennec, N., Batailler, C., Tardy, N., Rochcongar, G., & Fayard, J. M. (2025). Osteotomies for genu varum: Should we always correct at the tibia? A multicenter analysis of practices in France. Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research: OTSR, 111(1), 103925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2024.103925 Go to original source...
  91. Miltenberg, B., Puzzitiello, R. N., Ruelos, V. C. B., Masood, R., Pagani, N. R., Moverman, M. A., Menendez, M. E., Ryan, S. P., Salzler, M. J., & Drager, J. (2024). Incidence of Complications and Revision Surgery After High Tibial Osteotomy: A Systematic Review. The American journal of sports medicine, 52(1), 258-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465221142868 Go to original source...
  92. Moran, T. E., Manley, B. J., Reahl, G. B., Ramamurti, P., Tagliero, A. J., Sumpter, A. E., Berry, C. J., & Diduch, D. R. (2025). Lateral Opening Distal Femoral Osteotomy With Concomitant Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Is Efficacious in Addressing Patellar Instability. Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 41(8), 2927-2937. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2024.12.016 Go to original source...
  93. Nakamura, R., Komatsu, N., Murao, T., Okamoto, Y., Nakamura, S., Fujita, K., Nishimura, H., & Katsuki, Y. (2015). The validity of the classification for lateral hinge fractures in open wedge high tibial osteotomy. The bone & joint journal, 97-B(9), 1226-1231. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.97B9.34949 Go to original source...
  94. Nelissen, E. M., van Langelaan, E. J., & Nelissen, R. G. (2010). Stability of medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: a failure analysis. International orthopaedics, 34(2), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-009-0723-3 Go to original source...
  95. Newclip Technics (n.d.). Activ Motion S: High tibial & distal femoral osteotomy plates [online]. https://newcliptechnics.com/app/uploads/brochure-activmotion-s-en.pdf
  96. Niemeyer, P., Koestler, W., Kaehny, C., Kreuz, P. C., Brooks, C. J., Strohm, P. C., Helwig, P., & Suedkamp, N. P. (2008). Two-year results of open-wedge high tibial osteotomy with fixation by medial plate fixator for medial compartment arthritis with varus malalignment of the knee. Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery: official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 24(7), 796-804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2008.02.016 Go to original source...
  97. Niinimäki, T. T., Eskelinen, A., Mann, B. S., Junnila, M., Ohtonen, P., & Leppilahti, J. (2012). Survivorship of high tibial osteotomy in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: Finnish registry-based study of 3195 knees. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 94(11), 1517-1521. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.94B11.29601 Go to original source...
  98. Noyes, F. R., Barber, S. D., & Simon, R. (1993). High tibial osteotomy and ligament reconstruction in varus angulated, anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees. A two- to seven-year follow-up study. The American journal of sports medicine, 21(1), 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354659302100102 Go to original source...
  99. Nwachukwu, B. U., McCormick, F. M., Schairer, W. W., Frank, R. M., Provencher, M. T., & Roche, M. W. (2014). Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty versus high tibial osteotomy: United States practice patterns for the surgical treatment of unicompartmental arthritis. The Journal of arthroplasty, 29(8), 1586-1589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2014.04.002 Go to original source...
  100. Ollivier, M., Claes, S., Mabrouk, A., Elson, D., Espejo-Reina, A., Predescu, V., Schröter, S., Van Heerwarden, R., Menetrey, J., Beaufils, P., Seil, R., Becker, R., Khakha, R., & Dawson, M. (2024). Surgical strategy and complication management of osteotomy around the painful degenerative varus knee: ESSKA Formal Consensus Part II. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 32(8), 2194-2205. https://doi.org/10.1002/ksa.12273 Go to original source...
  101. Onishi, S., Iseki, T., Kanto, R., Kanto, M., Kambara, S., Yoshiya, S., Tachibana, T., & Nakayama, H. (2021). Incidence of and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis in patients undergoing osteotomies around the knee: comparative analysis of different osteotomy types. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 29(10), 3488-3494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-06326-5 Go to original source...
  102. Pach, M., Uvízl, M., Holibka, R., & Zapletalová, J. (2005). [Varus supracondylar osteotomy of the femur - long-term results]. Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae Traumatologiae Čechoslovaca, 72(6), 363-370.
  103. Palmer, J., Getgood, A., Lobenhoffer, P., Nakamura, R., & Monk, P. (2024). Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy for the treatment of medial unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis: A state-of-the-art review. Journal of ISAKOS: joint disorders & orthopaedic sports medicine, 9(1), 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jisako.2023.10.004 Go to original source...
  104. Pannell, W. C., Heidari, K. S., Mayer, E. N., Zimmerman, K., Heckmann, N., McKnight, B., Hill, J. R., Vangsness, C. T., Hatch, G. F., & Weber, A. E. (2019). High Tibial Osteotomy Survivorship: A Population-Based Study. Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 7(12), 2325967119890693. https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967119890693 Go to original source...
  105. Parente, A., Legnani, C., Bargagliotti, M., Marullo, M., & Romagnoli, S. (2022). Unicompartmental vs. total knee replacement in patients with failed high tibial osteotomy. Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery, 142(8), 2051-2056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-021-04093-7 Go to original source...
  106. Pearse, A. J., Hooper, G. J., Rothwell, A., & Frampton, C. (2010). Survival and functional outcome after revision of a unicompartmental to a total knee replacement: the New Zealand National Joint Registry. The Journal of bone and joint surgery. British volume, 92(4), 508-512. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.92B4.22659 Go to original source...
  107. Pearson, R. G., Clement, R. G., Edwards, K. L., & Scammell, B. E. (2016). Do smokers have greater risk of delayed and non-union after fracture, osteotomy and arthrodesis? A systematic review with meta-analysis. BMJ open, 6(11), e010303. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010303 Go to original source...
  108. Peng, X., Chen, X., Zhang, Y., Tian, Z., Wang, M., & Chen, Z. (2025). Advances in the pathology and treatment of osteoarthritis. Journal of advanced research, S2090-1232(25)00072-4. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2025.01.053 Go to original source...
  109. [Photograph of Ferrari car]. (2019). In P. van Osten, Brawn identifies tyre wear as Ferrari's 'Achilles' heel'. F1i.com. Retrieved November 5, 2025, from https://f1i.com/news/348369-brawn-identifies-tyre-wear-as-ferraris-achilles-heel.html
  110. Polat, G., Balci, H. İ., Çakmak, M. F., Demirel, M., Şen, C., & Aşik, M. (2017). Long-term results and comparison of the three different high tibial osteotomy and fixation techniques in medial compartment arthrosis. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 12(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-017-0547-6 Go to original source...
  111. Preston, S., Howard, J., Naudie, D., Somerville, L., & McAuley, J. (2014). Total knee arthroplasty after high tibial osteotomy: no differences between medial and lateral osteotomy approaches. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 472(1), 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-013-3040-5 Go to original source...
  112. Ranawat, A. S., Nwachukwu, B. U., Pearle, A. D., Zuiderbaan, H. A., Weeks, K. D., & Khamaisy, S. (2016). Comparison of Lateral Closing-Wedge Versus Medial Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy on Knee Joint Alignment and Kinematics in the ACL-Deficient Knee. The American journal of sports medicine, 44(12), 3103-3110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516657824 Go to original source...
  113. Robertsson, O., & W-Dahl, A. (2015). The risk of revision after TKA is affected by previous HTO or UKA. Clinical orthopaedics and related research, 473(1), 90-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-014-3712-9 Go to original source...
  114. Roussot, M.A., Huijs, S., Oussedik, S. (2020). From Hippocrates to Coventry and Beyond: The History of Joint Realignment. In: Oussedik, S., Lustig, S. (eds). Osteotomy About the Knee. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49055-3_1 Go to original source...
  115. Rozkydal, Z., Rott, Z., & Sklepek, J. (1984). [Results after Coventry's operation for treatment of arthroses of the knee joint]. Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae Traumatologiae Čechoslovaca, 51(2), 123-132.
  116. Ruangsomboon, P., Ruangsomboon, O., Tam, D., Ravi, B., Ekhtiari, S., Pincus, D., & Tomescu, S. (2025). Cost-effectiveness of total knee arthroplasty, unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and high tibial osteotomy for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis in young patients: a Canadian public payer perspective. Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research, 20(1), 554. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-05960-4 Go to original source...
  117. Sabnis B. M. (2022). A review of role of osteotomy in knee ligament injuries. Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma, 29, 101891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2022.101891 Go to original source...
  118. Samuelsson, K., Andersson, D., & Karlsson, J. (2009). Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries with special reference to graft type and surgical technique: an assessment of randomized controlled trials. Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 25(10), 1139-1174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2009.07.021 Go to original source...
  119. Santic, V., Tudor, A., Sestan, B., Legovic, D., Sirola, L., & Rakovac, I. (2010). Bone allograft provides bone healing in the medial opening high tibial osteotomy. International orthopaedics, 34(2), 225-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-009-0916-9 Go to original source...
  120. Seth, I., Bulloch, G., Seth, N., Gibson, D., Rastogi, A., Lower, K., Rodwell, A., & Bruce, W. (2022). High Tibial Osteotomy Versus Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty for Unicompartmental Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Indian journal of orthopaedics, 56(6), 973-982. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43465-022-00620-9 Go to original source...
  121. Sharma L. (2021). Osteoarthritis of the Knee. The New England journal of medicine, 384(1), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1903768 Go to original source...
  122. Sharma, L., Chang, A. H., Jackson, R. D., Nevitt, M., Moisio, K. C., Hochberg, M., Eaton, C., Kwoh, C. K., Almagor, O., Cauley, J., & Chmiel, J. S. (2017). Varus Thrust and Incident and Progressive Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 69(11), 2136-2143. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.40224 Go to original source...
  123. Schlumberger, M., Oremek, D., Brielmaier, M., Buntenbroich, U., Schuster, P., & Fink, B. (2021). Prior high tibial osteotomy is not a contraindication for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 29(10), 3279-3286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-020-06149-4 Go to original source...
  124. Schröter, S., Ateschrang, A., Löwe, W., Nakayama, H., Stöckle, U., & Ihle, C. (2017). Early full weight-bearing versus 6-week partial weight-bearing after open wedge high tibial osteotomy leads to earlier improvement of the clinical results: a prospective, randomised evaluation. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 25(1), 325-332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3592-x Go to original source...
  125. Schröter, S., Freude, T., Kopp, M. M., Konstantinidis, L., Döbele, S., Stöckle, U., & van Heerwaarden, R. (2015). Smoking and unstable hinge fractures cause delayed gap filling irrespective of early weight bearing after open wedge osteotomy. Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery: official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 31(2), 254-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2014.08.028 Go to original source...
  126. Schröter, S., Mueller, J., van Heerwaarden, R., Lobenhoffer, P., Stöckle, U., & Albrecht, D. (2013). Return to work and clinical outcome after open wedge HTO. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 21(1), 213-219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-012-2129-9 Go to original source...
  127. Slevin, O., Ayeni, O. R., Hinterwimmer, S., Tischer, T., Feucht, M. J., & Hirschmann, M. T. (2016). The role of bone void fillers in medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: a systematic review. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 24(11), 3584-3598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-016-4297-5 Go to original source...
  128. Smith, J. O., Wilson, A. J., & Thomas, N. P. (2013). Osteotomy around the knee: evolution, principles and results. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 21(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-012-2206-0 Go to original source...
  129. Smith, T. O., Sexton, D., Mitchell, P., & Hing, C. B. (2011). Opening- or closing-wedged high tibial osteotomy: a meta-analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes. The Knee, 18(6), 361-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2010.10.001 Go to original source...
  130. Snow, M., Jermain, P., Mandalia, V., Murray, J., Khakha, R., McNicholas, M., Dawson, M., & UK Knee Osteotomy consensus Group (2021). A 2021 consensus statement on osteotomies around the knee by the UK Knee Osteotomy consensus Group (KOG). The Knee, 33, 73-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2021.08.034 Go to original source...
  131. Spahn, G., Kirschbaum, S., & Kahl, E. (2006). Factors that influence high tibial osteotomy results in patients with medial gonarthritis: a score to predict the results. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 14(2), 190-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2005.08.013 Go to original source...
  132. Staubli, A. E., De Simoni, C., Babst, R., & Lobenhoffer, P. (2003). TomoFix: a new LCP-concept for open wedge osteotomy of the medial proximal tibia-early results in 92 cases. Injury, 34 Suppl 2, B55-B62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2003.09.025 Go to original source...
  133. Stoffel, K., Stachowiak, G., & Kuster, M. (2004). Open wedge high tibial osteotomy: biomechanical investigation of the modified Arthrex Osteotomy Plate (Puddu Plate) and the TomoFix Plate. Clinical biomechanics (Bristol, Avon), 19(9), 944-950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2004.06.007 Go to original source...
  134. Sun, H., Zhou, L., Li, F., & Duan, J. (2017). Comparison between Closing-Wedge and Opening-Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy in Patients with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The Journal of knee surgery, 30(2), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1584189 Go to original source...
  135. Takeuchi, R., Ishikawa, H., Kumagai, K., Yamaguchi, Y., Chiba, N., Akamatsu, Y., & Saito, T. (2012). Fractures around the lateral cortical hinge after a medial opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy: a new classification of lateral hinge fracture. Arthroscopy: the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery: official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association, 28(1), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2011.06.034 Go to original source...
  136. Takeuchi, R., Ishikawa, H., Miyasaka, Y., Sasaki, Y., Kuniya, T., & Tsukahara, S. (2014). A novel closed-wedge high tibial osteotomy procedure to treat osteoarthritis of the knee: hybrid technique and rehabilitation measures. Arthroscopy techniques, 3(4), e431-e437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2014.04.004 Go to original source...
  137. Trieb, K., Grohs, J., Hanslik-Schnabel, B., Stulnig, T., Panotopoulos, J., & Wanivenhaus, A. (2006). Age predicts outcome of high-tibial osteotomy. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy: official journal of the ESSKA, 14(2), 149-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-005-0638-5 Go to original source...
  138. Trojani, C., Elhor, H., Carles, M., & Boileau, P. (2014). Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction combined with valgus high tibial osteotomy allows return to sports. Orthopaedics & traumatology, surgery & research: OTSR, 100(2), 209-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2013.11.012 Go to original source...
  139. Šavlovskis, J., & Raits, K. (2020a). Drawing anatomy of the distal femur [Illustration]. Anatomy Standard. Retrieved November 5, 2025, from https://www.anatomystandard.com/ossa-et-juncturae/extremitas-inferior/femur.html
  140. Šavlovskis, J., & Raits, K. (2020b). Drawing Knee joint and patella: anterior, medial and posterior view [Illustration]. Anatomy Standard. Retrieved November 5, 2025, from https://www.anatomystandard.com/ossa-et-juncturae/extremitas-inferior/patella.html
  141. Ucan, V., Pulatkan, A., & Tuncay, I. (2021). Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty combined with high tibial osteotomy in anteromedial osteoarthritis: A case report. International journal of surgery case reports, 81, 105746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.105746 Go to original source...
  142. Waciakowski, D., Urban, K., & Karpaš, K. (2011). Valgizační osteotomie proximální tibie - dlouhodobé výsledky [Valgus high tibial osteotomy - long-term results]. Acta Chirurgiae Orthopaedicae Traumatologiae Čechoslovaca, 78(3), 225-231. https://doi.org/10.55095/achot2011/035 Go to original source...
  143. Woodacre, T., Ricketts, M., Evans, J. T., Pavlou, G., Schranz, P., Hockings, M., & Toms, A. (2016). Complications associated with opening wedge high tibial osteotomy-A review of the literature and of 15 years of experience. The Knee, 23(2), 276-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2015.09.018 Go to original source...
  144. Xie, T., Brouwer, R. W., van den Akker-Scheek, I., & van der Veen, H. C. (2025). Assessing joint line obliquity in valgus-producing high tibial osteotomy: A scoping review of the literature. Journal of orthopaedics, 67, 94-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jor.2025.01.021 Go to original source...
  145. Zampogna, B., Vasta, S., & Papalia, R. (2019). Patient Evaluation and Indications for Osteotomy Around the Knee. Clinics in sports medicine, 38(3), 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2019.02.011 Go to original source...
  146. Zorzi, A. R., da Silva, H. G., Muszkat, C., Marques, L. C., Cliquet, A., Jr, & de Miranda, J. B. (2011). Opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy with and without bone graft. Artificial organs, 35(3), 301-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1594.2010.01058.x Go to original source...
Return